Supreme Court Scrutinizes Tariff Powers with Major Consequences for Agriculture

The Court may limit emergency tariff powers, complicating a key bargaining tool; ag could see shifts in input costs and export dynamics as China, Brazil, and India talks evolve.

WASHINGTON, D.C. (RFD-TV) — The Supreme Court sounded wary of using the emergency-powers law (IEEPA) to levy broad tariffs, pressing whether Congress ever authorized the White House to tax imports at scale.

Reports from the chamber on Wednesday described bipartisan skepticism and repeated references to Congressional tariff authority, alongside questions about potential refunds of roughly $90 billion already collected. A ruling could narrow or reshape unilateral tariff tools used since 2025.

In agriculture, the case intersects with the administration’s leverage strategy: tariffs have been wielded to push partners to the bargaining table—from China’s Phase One purchases to current high-stakes talks with Brazil and India. Analysts note that while tariffs can force negotiations, they also invite retaliation and raise costs on steel, equipment, chemicals, and other farm inputs. If the Court curbs IEEPA tariffs, the White House may still reach for other trade statutes, but the scope and speed could change.

Near-term, growers face policy uncertainty as markets handicap outcomes and partners watch for signals. Negotiations with India continue amid steep U.S. duties; Brazil talks are active as tariffs ripple through beef and other flows; and China remains a touchstone for how tariff pressure translates into concessions. The decision, expected in 2026, will shape input costs, export access, and the playbook for future trade deals.

Farm-Level Takeaway: The Court may limit emergency tariff powers, complicating a key bargaining tool; ag could see shifts in input costs and export dynamics as China, Brazil, and India talks evolve.
Tony St. James, RFD-TV Markets Expert
Related Stories
The new approach to animal identification in the cattle industry—that’s the topic of this Firm to Farm blog post by RFD-TV agri-legal expert Roger McEowen with the Washburn School of Law.
From the U.S. Supreme Court down to local jurisdictions, the current developments just keep on rolling in agricultural law and taxation. Here are some recent developments.
U.S. Agriculture Secretary Tom Vilsack announced the USDA will help dairy producers dealing with High-Path Avian Flu (HPAI) H5N1 outbreaks in their herds.
Since the Tennessee Main Street program’s inception in 2010, 78 rural commercial districts have been improved. These 12 new additions bring that total number up to 90.
In this Firm to Farm blog post, RFD-TV agri-legal expert Roger McEowen tackles a handful of topics related to property rights.
What is “gross income from farming” for purposes of Chapter 12 (farm) bankruptcy – that is the topic of today’s Firm to Farm blog post by Roger McEowen.
In today’s Firm to Farm blog post, Roger McOwen breaks down the Court’s regulations on unconstitutional federal power and the ruling’s impact on BOI reporting.
What can these facilities do to protect themselves? I wrote about this issue last spring, and since that time, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit has issued a significant opinion. That makes an update in order.

Tony St. James joined the RFD-TV talent team in August 2024, bringing a wealth of experience and a fresh perspective to RFD-TV and Rural Radio Channel 147 Sirius XM. In addition to his role as Market Specialist (collaborating with Scott “The Cow Guy” Shellady to provide radio and TV audiences with the latest updates on ag commodity markets), he hosts “Rural America Live” and serves as talent for trade shows.

LATEST STORIES BY THIS AUTHOR:

Farmers face tighter barge capacity and higher freight costs during peak harvest.
Bigger-than-expected corn and wheat stocks are bearish for prices, while soybean figures were neutral. Farmers may face additional price pressure as harvest accelerates.
As flu season closes in, Dr. Gold outlines the steps to take when you get sick — including resting, staying hydrated, and knowing when to seek medical attention if symptoms worsen.
Jeramy Stephens, with National Land Realty, says that despite today’s economic headwinds, farmland remains a resilient asset — and understanding local conditions is key to making sound decisions.
FarmHER Christina Woerner McInnis joined us to discuss the next episode of “FarmHER + RanchHER” and her decision to run for Alabama Ag Commissioner.
Taiwan’s pledge to expand imports strengthens export prospects for U.S. row crops, livestock products, and specialty commodities, while the USDA’s broader trade push seeks to diversify farm markets globally.