WASHINGTON, D.C. (RFD NEWS) — U.S. cattle numbers edged lower at the start of 2026, reinforcing that herd rebuilding remains slow and uneven despite improving price incentives. USDA’s January 1 Cattle Inventory Report shows modest declines across most categories, with beef cow numbers continuing to contract while milk cows expand.
All cattle and calves totaled 86.2 million head on January 1, down slightly from 86.5 million head a year earlier. Cows and heifers that have calved declined marginally to 37.2 million head. Beef cows fell 1 percent to 27.6 million head, while milk cows increased 2 percent to 9.57 million head, reflecting divergent trends between the beef and dairy sectors.
Heifer inventories signal limited momentum toward herd expansion. All heifers weighing 500 pounds and over totaled 18.0 million head, down 1 percent from a year ago. Beef replacement heifers rose 1 percent to 4.71 million head, but milk replacement heifers slipped slightly to 3.90 million head. Other heifers declined 2 percent, underscoring continued tightness in the replacement pipeline.
Market-ready supplies also remain constrained. Steers over 500 pounds declined 1 percent to 15.6 million head, while calves under 500 pounds dipped slightly to 13.3 million head. Total cattle on feed fell 3 percent to 13.8 million head, confirming tighter feedlot inventories entering 2026.
The calf crop continues to shrink. The 2025 calf crop was estimated at 32.9 million head, down 2 percent from 2024, with fewer calves born in both the first and second halves of the year.
Farm-Level Takeaway: Smaller cow numbers and a declining calf crop point to prolonged tight cattle supplies, limiting near-term herd rebuilding potential.
Tony St. James, RFD NEWS Markets Specialist
Weather, Tight Supplies, and Planning Shape Farm Decisions
January 05, 2026 03:23 PM
·
Bigger cows must wean proportionally heavier calves to justify higher ownership costs.
January 05, 2026 03:08 PM
·
Improving consumer confidence supports baseline food and fuel demand, but cautious spending limits upside potential for ag markets in 2026.
January 05, 2026 03:00 PM
·
Strong ethanol production and export trends continue to support corn demand despite seasonal fuel consumption softness.
January 05, 2026 02:49 PM
·
Cotton demand depends on demonstrating performance and reliability buyers can rely on, not messaging alone.
January 05, 2026 02:41 PM
·
A look at the legislative year ahead as lawmakers return to Washington with a slate of trade concerns to tackle in 2026—from new Chinese tariffs on beef imports to the USMCA review this summer.
January 05, 2026 12:20 PM
·
Shaun Haney, Host of
RealAg Radio on Rural Radio SiriusXM Channel 147, joined us with his 2026 cattle market outlook and insights on beef prices.
January 05, 2026 10:41 AM
·
The New Year is here, but in Oregon, some ranchers and livestock producers are still trying to recover from record wildfires back in 2024.
January 05, 2026 09:46 AM
·
As markets anticipate a return to normal trading following the New Year’s holiday, the possibility of the southern border re-opening to cattle is capturing much attention.
December 30, 2025 11:28 AM
