MINNEAPOLIS, MINNESOTA (RFD NEWS) — Economic growth across the Federal Reserve’s Ninth District continued in 2025, but agriculture remained a weak spot as lower commodity prices, high costs, and trade uncertainty weighed on farm states. That was a key takeaway from discussions at the Minneapolis Fed’s Regional Economic Conditions Conference held in early January.
While overall gross domestic product (GDP) expanded, growth was uneven and often volatile. In states such as North Dakota, South Dakota, and Montana, agriculture played a central role in shaping economic outcomes, though not always positively. Farm profitability remained under pressure from depressed prices, elevated input costs, and high land rents.
Trade policy added another layer of strain. Economists noted that shifting tariff policies and retaliatory trade actions disrupted export markets critical to farm income. The stop-and-start nature of those policies made planning and risk management more difficult for producers.
Farm-Level Takeaway: Agriculture remains a key drag on regional growth amid weak prices and policy uncertainty.
Tony St. James, RFD NEWS Markets Specialist
Outside the farm sector, labor markets cooled but remained relatively tight, limiting relief on wage and service costs faced by agriculture. Construction and infrastructure shortages continued to drive up energy and transportation costs, indirectly affecting farm operations.
Looking ahead, conference participants said agriculture’s performance will remain closely tied to price recovery, export stability, and input cost moderation, all of which will shape rural economic conditions in 2026.
Grain farms still have strong balance sheets, but another stretch of low profits will force hard cost cuts, especially on high-rent, highly leveraged operations.
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