NASHVILLE, Tenn. (RFD NEWS) — Changes in immigration policy could significantly reshape the U.S. agricultural labor force in 2026, with potential shifts away from undocumented workers toward expanded use of H-2A guest workers. Economists with North Carolina State Extension say agriculture remains especially vulnerable due to its heavy reliance on foreign labor.
Foreign workers make up roughly two-thirds of the farm labor force, with undocumented workers accounting for about 40 percent of hired crop labor. Tighter enforcement policies could reduce that workforce, particularly in labor-intensive regions like California, Florida, and the Southeast.
The H-2A program continues to expand, with more than 300,000 visas issued in 2024. Recent program changes — including adjustments to wage calculations and the introduction of skill-based pay tiers — are expected to lower wage requirements in many states and encourage greater use of the program.
While increased H-2A participation could offset some labor losses, challenges remain. Costs, administrative burdens, and long-term labor availability continue to concern producers.
Farmers across the U.S. are under immense pressure lately, and specialty crop growers are no exception.
The Georgia Fruit and Vegetable Growers Association is putting the spotlight on trade as farmers explain what they are facing in today’s farm economy. Produce is big business in Georgia, with the USDA reporting that there are around 3,000 to 4,000 farms there dedicated to specialty crops.
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